Vocabulary

Annotation2

Annotation

6 Areas & 10 Recommendations

1st Area: Protection of people in violent conflict

  1st Recommendation: Protect from violation of people's rights, freedom

  2nd Recommendation: Protect from the proliferation of weapons

2nd Area: Protection of people on the move
  
  3rd Recommendation: improve the livelihood of people protect human security by escaping
                                extreme poverty, chronic, deprivations, or sudden downturns 

3rd Area: Protection of people in post-conflict situation

  4th Recommendation: Protection of people in conflict should be complemented by a  
                                responsibility to rebuild in post-conflict 

4th Area: Measure to overcome economic insecurity

  5th Recommendation: Trade should be equal

  6th Recommendation: Ensure a social and economic minimum

5th Area: Measure to improve health and health service
 
  7th Recommendation: Cost-sharing among developed countries

  8th Recommendation: Take well balance between research and development and fair-access 
                                to life saving drugs


6th Area: Measure to improve knowledge and skills

  9th Recommendation: Primary education

  10th Recommendation: Quality of education

Background information of Ogata&Celss

Sadako Ogata (緒方貞子）

 She is a Japanese academic, diplomat, author, administrator, and professor emeritus at Sophia University
 She served as the United nations High Commissioner for Refugees, as the Chairman of the UNICEF Executive Board and as the President of the Japan Inter National Cooperation Agency.




Johan Cels

Johan Cels has been working with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in various functions and countries(e.g., in Hong Kong, northern Iraq and eastern Turkey, Bulgaria, Switzerland, and Ethiopia.)
He is currently working as a Representative in Japan, appointed as of September 2008. 
Prior to that, he was a Senior Policy Advisor (Peace and Security) in New York, focusing on Sudan, Chad and Somalia, as well as on post-conflict recovery and peacebuilding strategies. 
He also worked as a Project Leader for the Independent Commission on Human Security, co-chaired by Mrs. Sadako Ogata (former UN High Commissioner for Refugees) and Prof. Amartya Sen. 
He holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from the University of Notre Dame.

Preparation of presentation

First outline

流れ

•Introduction

•⑦の説明、例

•⑧の説明、例

•Conclusion      How to improve health and health service を伝えて締める。

7:基本的な健康維持は国家単位でないコミュニティや個各人に任されている。それに付け加えて国家がすべきことはdisease surveillance systemとnational primary healthだ。national primary health（例えば日本においては放射能）とは各国で最も優先的に考慮すべき国民の健康にかかわる問題に尽力すること。disease surveillance system（エボラ）とは、世界で問題となっている感染症などの自国での状況を把握すること。これが世界で共有されるのが大事。

  

8.多くの貧しい国の人々は科学技術の進歩に取り残されている。なのにそのような人々に与えるべき安価のジェネリック薬品が実際は回っていないこの社会の根本を変えなければならない。知的所有権の争いが一番の原因だ。

WTOが発展途上国にジェネリック薬品を回すことを試みたが結局進歩は見られなかった。この行き詰まっている状況を打破するには、現在の薬品の輸出入の制限に打ち勝つべきだ。先進国による研究や医療の発展だけではなくて、貧しい人々のためであることも考える社会のバランスを調整するべきだ。

※generic drugsとは、一般で発売されている薬の特許が切れたあとに同じ成分同じ効き目だが安

価で作れる薬のこと。

Note taking in tutorial

Reflection on the winter term

   In this essay, I will reflect RCA winter term.
   In winter term, I studied about euthanasia and human security by using the text written by Ogata and Celss. I felt this content was pretty difficult for me, so it was hard to read the text. In class, Tetsuya sometimes give us example related the topic. These information helped my study. There were some information that I did not know well, so I searched in the internet. Through this process, my knowledge may deepen. In winter term, I did a presentation with other classmates. Not only in winter term, I made some presentation through all term. I really felt my presentation skill improved. Presentation in this term was greatest in all term. I also learned reading skills in RCA class. In first of spring term, I was not able to take annotation well, and also I do not annotation well. As I had many experiences to read and analyse the text, I can annotate well. I thought preparation is really important to succeed presentation. In RCA class, there ware a lot of time of discussion. Through discussing with classmates, my speaking skill improved. I felt it was really important to speak something if I do not have confidence. I wrote position analysis essay of Wennberg as group work. To make clear the position of author is difficult because author did not write his position clearly. However I learned I should look for evidence in order to analyse author's position.
   I can learn a lot of things in RCA winter term. I would like not to forget things that I learned in RCA class.

reflection on my presentation

   I gave a presentation about 7 and 8 recommendation with Mayuko and Kohei. I will write reflection about my reading skills and my presentation preparation process.

   At first, I will reflect on my reading process. When I deepen understanding of the text, I use some processes. Before reading, I surveyed the text by looking at the title page. I especially checked title, author, purpose of the text, publishing year and company. In addition, I collected background information of the text into blogger with searching the Internet. After that, I skimmed text for structure. The reason of this process is to guess the content of the text. Next, while reading, I had three processes. First one is annotating of the text. The reason of this process is to read more actively and enhance my comprehension. I marked main idea, supporting details, key words, vocabulary, and parts I can not understand. Sometimes I put some slip of paper written transition or my reflections and opinion. Second process is to make incomprehensible part clearly. It is important to know what I do not understand for diminishing incomprehensible parts. Third process is make inferences from the text. It was difficult for me because I have to guess things not written in the text. I guessed things that must be true to use my experience and knowledge. After reading, I had three processes. Firstly, I compared and contrasted ideas in the text. Secondly, I identified cause and effect relationship. Thirdly, I paraphrased the author’s idea. Finally, I summarised the text. Searching background knowledge is important before reading and while reading because background knowledge makes me attracted in to topic. Without background knowledge, I tend to think the topic that is difficult and far from me. To search background knowledge leads to deepen understanding of the text.

   Next, I would like to reflect my presentation preparation process. I researched background knowledge about our part in order to promote audience’s understanding of the text. By searching background knowledge, I can explain specific example in detail. It can be support audience’s understanding. With only information from the text, there is a risk that I misunderstand the contents because information of the text is limited and less. So it is needed to search background knowledge. I was pleased with what I did during the presentation preparation process because I came to be able to understand the contents of our group’s part. In fact, at first, for me, the text was almost enveloped by incomprehensible part. When I read the text for the first time, I had misunderstanding toward the content of text. However, while discussing with my group members, talking with Tetsuya in tutorial, I had a lot moment that I want to say “I got it!” This understanding process gave me a lot of pleasant to study. Furthermore, I was pleased with what I can teach other classmates about the content which once I was not able to understand. When I taught other classmates, I also give a moment that they want to say “I got it!” In preparation process, I toiled for a long time. For this reason, I was pleased from presentation, and can feel satisfaction.

   Throughout, I think I can do good preparation and do my best. I would like to keep this work in next presentation.

Information about Wennberg

About author

• He taught philosophy. 
• He died July 18, following a brief battle with pancreatic cancer. He was 75.

 Books 

     "Faith at the Edge: A Book for Doubters" 
     "God, Humans and Animals: An Invitation to Enlarge Our Moral Universe" 
     "Terminal Choices: Euthanasia, Suicide and the Right to Die"
     "Life in the Balance: Exploring the Abortion Controversy"
     "Animal Suffering and the Problem of Evil" 
     "The Right to Life: Reflections on Three Theories"

     Robert N. Wennberg - Obituaries - Santa Barbara Edhat

2/3 LLA

Position Analysis Essay

Mayuko Yamazaki

4C 181521

RCA Writing Asignment

 

Position Analysis on Wennberg

Today, controversy toward euthanasia is important. Some people agree with euthanasia, and others disagree with euthanasia.
 I think Wennberg agrees with euthanasia. In order to support his position, Wennberg uses three types of evidence; language expression, views point from religion, and medical experts' opinions. I will explain Wennberg’s position based on three types of evidence.

Firstly, Wennberg shows his position in language expression. Wennberg said “the Christian community should at least seriously consider euthanasia as a lethal and moral possibility.” Many religious people disagree with euthanasia, then Wennberg suggests that the Christian reconsider about euthanasia. So it can be said Wennberg agree with euthanasia.

Secondly, Wennberg uses viewｓ point from religion to support his position. For example, Wennberg quotes Leslie Weatherhead's opinion, who is a clergyman. According to Leslie Weatherhead, it is not valuable to keep living against own will when patient lo dignity of human because of illness. As I mentioned former, a lot of people in the Christian community disagree with euthanasia, but some in the Christian community agree with Leslie Weatherhead because it can be considered euthanasia is not against Christianity. Wennberg emphasize the minority of the Christian community which agree with euthanasia, so Wennberg’s position is for euthanasia.

Thirdly, Wennberg uses medical expert’s opinion to support his position. For example, Wennberg quotes the words of physician, Leonard Colebrook. According to Leonard Colebrook, the suffering for cancer patient is not only physical but also mental. Euthanasia can save the patient from the suffering. Leonard Colebrook agree with euthanasia and it can be support Wennberg’s position.

In conclusion, I analyze that Wennberg agrees with euthanasia based on three types of evidence; language expression, views point from religion, and medical experts' opinions. However Wennberg does not always agree with euthanasia.  He sometimes says opposition, but his mainly position is for euthanasia. Therefore, Wennberg agrees with euthanasia.

Position Analysis Essay 1st draft

  Position Analysis on Wennberg

Today, controversy toward euthanasia is important. I think Wennberg agrees with euthanasia. In order to support his position, Wennberg uses three types of evidence, language expression, view point from religion, and medical experts' opinions. I will explain Wennberg’s position to use three types of evidence.

Firstly, Wennberg shows his position in language expression. Wennberg said “the Christian community should at least seriously consider euthanasia as a lethal and moral possibility.” Many religious people disagree with euthanasia, then Wennberg suggests that the Christian reconsider about euthanasia. So it can be said Wennberg agree with euthanasia.

Secondly, Wennberg uses view point from religion to support his position. For example, Wennberg quotes Leslie Weatherhead's opinion, who is a clergyman. According to Leslie Weatherhead, it is not valuable to keep living against own will when patient lost dignity of human because of illness. As I mentioned former, a lot of people in the Christian community disagree with euthanasia, but some in the Christian community agree with Leslie Weatherhead because it can be considered euthanasia is not against Christianity. Wennberg emphasize the minority of the Christian community which agree with euthanasia, so Wennberg’s position is for euthanasia.

Thirdly, Wennberg uses medical expert’s opinion to support his position. For example, Wennberg quotes the words of physician, Leonard Colebrook. According to Leonard Colebrook, the suffering for cancer patient is not only physical but also mental. Euthanasia can save the patient from the suffering. Leonard Colebrook agree with euthanasia and it can be support Wennberg’s position.

From three types of evidence, I think Wennberg agrees with euthanasia.(260 word)

RCA reflection

  I learned a lot through ELA. In this term RCA, I always read text with thinking questions and answers, and I tried to explain others in the class. I think this process was really important. I was able to consider well and make incomprehensible part clearly. And I learned the sort of citation.Wennberg used a lot of excerpts in the text. I learned it is important to analyze ①auther's name ②main idea ③why auther use the excerpt. I would like to study hard the rest of winter term!